How does the AC series dough kneading machine's industrial control circuit board achieve precise speed regulation and torque stability through motor closed-loop control?
Publish Time: 2025-10-29
In the modern food processing industry, AC series dough kneading machines play a crucial role in home kitchens, bakeries, and large central kitchens. The quality of the dough directly affects the taste and texture of the final product, and the speed control and torque output stability during the kneading process are key factors determining the kneading effect. Traditional mechanical control struggles to handle the complex needs of different flour types, moisture contents, and dough stages. The AC series dough kneading machine's industrial control circuit board, through an advanced motor closed-loop control system, achieves precise control of the kneading process, ensuring that each kneading is uniform, efficient, and repeatable, truly upgrading "experience-based" operation to "intelligent" production.1. Closed-Loop Control Principle: A Qualitative Change from "Open Loop" to "Feedback"Traditional AC series dough kneading machines often use open-loop control, meaning that once a fixed voltage or speed is set, the motor runs at a preset speed, unable to sense load changes. The industrial control circuit board employs closed-loop control, constructing a dynamic feedback system of "sensing-calculation-adjustment." Its core lies in: real-time acquisition of the motor's actual operating status via sensors, feeding the data back to the main control chip, comparing it with preset target values, and immediately adjusting the output signal if a deviation occurs to ensure the motor always operates stably under the set conditions.2. Precise Speed Adjustment: Encoder Feedback Achieves Dynamic Speed StabilizationTo achieve precise speed measurement, the industrial control circuit board typically connects a rotary encoder or Hall effect sensor, installed on the motor shaft or transmission system, to detect the motor's revolutions per minute in real time. When dry powder and water are added in the initial kneading stage, the resistance is low, and the motor speed easily increases; as the dough gradually takes shape and its gluten strengthens, the load increases, and the speed naturally decreases. The closed-loop system automatically adjusts the PWM signal duty cycle based on the actual speed feedback from the encoder, increasing or decreasing the power supply to keep the speed consistently at the user-set level, with an error controlled within ±2%, ensuring consistent kneading force and avoiding over- or under-kneading due to speed fluctuations.3. Stable Torque Control: Intelligent Load Response Through Current DetectionTorque is the "strength" of the AC series dough kneading machine, directly determining the dough's extensibility and gluten formation. The industrial control circuit board monitors the motor's operating current in real time through a current sampling circuit, and the current magnitude is directly proportional to the load torque. When the dough hardens or gets stuck in the mixing hook, the current surges, and the system immediately identifies this as a high-load state. At this time, the circuit board can adopt several strategies: first, automatically increase the output power to maintain the set speed; second, issue an alarm or stop operation before the overload threshold to prevent motor burnout; third, preset a "soft start" function in the program, with initial low torque applied gradually to avoid impact on the gearbox at startup. This torque management based on current feedback gives the AC series dough kneading machine "human-like perception" capabilities, intelligently adapting to the kneading needs at different stages.4. Intelligent Algorithm Support: PID Adjustment Optimizes Control PrecisionThe industrial control circuit board has a built-in high-performance MCU that runs a PID control algorithm to dynamically calculate the speed and torque signals. PID algorithms can predict system response trends, adjust output in advance, reduce overshoot and oscillation, and make motor operation smoother and more stable. For example, when switching kneading modes, the system can achieve stepless speed transition, avoiding mechanical shock.5. Multi-mode Programs and Human-Machine CollaborationThe closed-loop control system supports multiple preset kneading programs, each corresponding to different speed curves and torque strategies. Users can select programs via touchscreen or buttons, and the circuit board automatically executes the optimal control scheme and displays the operating status in real time. Some high-end models can also record kneading data for process optimization.6. Industrial-Grade Reliability GuaranteeThe industrial control circuit board uses wide-temperature components, immersion gold PCB, and conformal coating, adapting to the high humidity, high temperature, and oily environment of a kitchen. EMC electromagnetic compatibility design effectively suppresses interference from motor start-stop on control signals, ensuring long-term stable system operation.The AC series dough kneading machine's industrial control circuit board, through closed-loop motor control, pushes the adjustment of speed and torque from "coarse" to "precise," not only improving the consistency of dough quality but also enhancing the safety and durability of the equipment. It makes dough kneading no longer a skill that relies on experience, but a quantifiable and replicable intelligent process, providing solid technical support for the standardization and automation of the modern food industry.
